The History
Zambia’s Mining Landscape & Historical Context
Zambia’s mining legacy spans more than a century, beginning in the early 1900s with the discovery of copper in the Copperbelt region. However, the role of small-scale mining gained formal recognition in the 1980s, when the Zambian government introduced specific licensing provisions. This paved the way for ordinary Zambians—particularly in rural areas—to participate in the sector and benefit from the country’s rich natural resources.
A key milestone was reached in 1984, when small-scale mining licenses were formally introduced. Since then, the number of license holders has steadily grown, with over 500 licenses issued since 2017. Today, small-scale mining contributes meaningfully to Zambia’s economy, particularly in gemstone mining.
The Emergence of FSSMAZ
As the small-scale mining sector expanded, so too did the need for representation, structure, and advocacy. In response, the Federation of Small Scale Mining Associations of Zambia (FSSMAZ) was formed and registered in 2007. Its purpose was clear: to unite regional mining associations, act as a voice for miners, and promote fair, safe, and profitable mining practices.
FSSMAZ has since been instrumental in:
- Advocating for miner-friendly policies,
- Facilitating investment and licensing,
- Providing training and knowledge-sharing opportunities,
- Representing miners at national forums and decision-making tables.
Zambia’s Gemstone Wealth
Zambia is internationally recognized for its gemstone potential, and small-scale miners are at the center of this valuable sub-sector.
Some of the key gemstones mined by small-scale operators include:
Much of this activity is concentrated in the Copperbelt, Luapula, Central, Eastern, and Southern Provinces, where small-scale mining associations operate under the guidance of FSSMAZ.